architecture

Timeline

Periods

Archaic (c. 800-480 BCE)

During this period, Greek architecture was relatively simple and focused on the construction of temples with basic rectangular shapes.

Classical (c. 480-323 BCE)

This period is known for the development of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, as well as the use of mathematical principles in architectural design. The Parthenon in Athens is a prime example of the Classical period.

Hellenistic (c. 323-30 BCE)

This period saw an expansion in the use of architectural features, such as columns and domes, as well as a greater emphasis on decoration and ornamentation.

High Empire (96-192 CE)

The High Empire saw the continued use of concrete and the development of new architectural forms, such as the triumphal arch, which was used to commemorate military victories. The Forum of Trajan, built during this period, is considered one of the finest examples of Roman architecture.

Late Empire (192-476 CE)

During this period, Roman architecture became more ornate and decorative, with a particular emphasis on intricate carvings and sculptural elements. This period also saw the development of early Christian architecture, as seen in the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine and the Basilica of San Clemente.

Periods

Archaic (c. 800-480 BCE)

During this period, Greek architecture was relatively simple and focused on the construction of temples with basic rectangular shapes.

Classical (c. 480-323 BCE)

This period is known for the development of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, as well as the use of mathematical principles in architectural design. The Parthenon in Athens is a prime example of the Classical period.

Hellenistic (c. 323-30 BCE)

This period saw an expansion in the use of architectural features, such as columns and domes, as well as a greater emphasis on decoration and ornamentation.

High Empire (96-192 CE)

The High Empire saw the continued use of concrete and the development of new architectural forms, such as the triumphal arch, which was used to commemorate military victories. The Forum of Trajan, built during this period, is considered one of the finest examples of Roman architecture.

Late Empire (192-476 CE)

During this period, Roman architecture became more ornate and decorative, with a particular emphasis on intricate carvings and sculptural elements. This period also saw the development of early Christian architecture, as seen in the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine and the Basilica of San Clemente.

Greek

750 BCE-27 BCE

Greek architecture bloomed as Greece started to gain wealth from the constant overseas trading and colonizing (namely Sicily and Italy). Greek polis erected architecture, among all other art forms, to differentiate and demonstrate wealth. The architectural style can be divided into several periods by styles and techniques.

Greek Architecture is significant for it represents a major milestone in the development of Western Architecture. The style was highly influential and was adopted by the Romans and other civilizations throughout the Mediterranean world. Greek Architecture is also significant as it reflects the values and beliefs of the ancient Greek culture, such as the importance of civic pride and the worship of the gods.

Important Features

Order

The Greek Architecture style is known for its use of three orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. These orders are defined by their distinct capitals (the top part of a column) and entablatures (the horizontal section that rests on the columns).

Symmetry and Proportion

Greek Architecture is characterized by a sense of balance, symmetry, and proportion. Buildings were designed with careful attention to the relationships between their different parts.

Pediments and Friezes

Pediments and friezes helped to create a sense of grandeur and majesty in Greek architecture. They were used to tell stories, convey meaning, and emphasize the importance of the buildings they adorned.

In Greek architecture, pediments and friezes were often decorated with sculptural groups depicting scenes from mythology or history. These sculptures were known for their dramatic realism and attention to detail, and they often conveyed a sense of motion and tension.

Use of Marble

Greek Architecture is known for using marble, which was quarried in various parts of Greece. Marble was valued for its beauty and durability and was used to create columns, floors, and decorative elements.

Civic and Religious Buildings

Greek Architecture was used primarily to construct civic and religious buildings, such as temples, theaters, and agora (public squares). These buildings were designed to be impressive and monumental and often served as symbols of the power and wealth of the city or state.